Official sources:
Lodestone Eorzea DB

From other FCs/external websites:
Seiken & Dancing Mad's BLITZBALL ("Battle Logistics, Improvement Tools, Zetetics, Basic Algorithms, and Learning Library")
FFXIV LogRep2 (fairly high accuracy parser, very high detail possible, slightly cumbersome interface)
Advanced Combat Tracker (FFXIV plugin author has updated it to now read from memory; information display has some limitations, but may be the most accurate)
FFXIV-App (combat parser) (still has a lot of issues with inaccuracies/missed damage, can give neighborhood values and catches most action usage)
Nakomaru's maps separated by region with labels
Eorzea Reborn's leveling overview
Full list of in-game commands
Hunting Log breakdowns organized by job/GC
Ariyala's Gearset Calculator
DoH/DoL Leves, Dyes, Material Tiers via bluegartr.com

From reddit:
Food effects spreadsheet
DoL gearsets/stats spreadsheet